What Is "Copyediting" and What Is The Process From a Professional Editor's Perspective?

Surprisingly, the word copyediting is an industry-specific term. If you don't function within this community or have some exposure to it, the word may be simply unfamiliar, or even mysterious, but it's easy enough to demystify.

To answer the question, let's start with a reference from the Chicago Manual of Style. It says copyediting involves both mechanical editing and substantive editing:

"Mechanical copyediting requires a close reading of the manuscript with an eye to such matters as consistency of capitalization, spelling, and hyphenation; agreement of verbs and subjects; punctuation; beginning and ending quotation marks and parentheses; numbers given in numerals or spelled out; and many similar details of style.

Substantive copyediting involves rewriting, reorganizing, or suggesting other ways to present material."

Mechanical copyediting is more of a science because most rules of grammar are absolute. In contrast, substantive copyediting is more of an art based on innate talent, training or a combination of both. A talented copyeditor effortlessly and simultaneously performs both types, unless specifically requested to do otherwise.

So you can see how copyediting actually works behind-the-scenes, below is the step-by-step process, which might be modified from editor to editor based on individual style preferences.

After a thorough review of the content for the degree of copyediting required (light vs. heavy) and a signed Agreement has been received, as well as a project deposit, the copyediting process officially begins. The step-by-step process contains:

1. a full review of the content with no changes. This simply allows a broad understanding of the materials.
2. a second full review with a focus on flow, readability and structure
3. a third full review with an eye for grammar, spelling and punctuation details
4. a fourth and final review of a printed copy of the contents. It is amazing how many "catches" one finds in this final stage of the process. Seeing words on paper vs. a computer monitor ensures proof-perfect copy.

Copyediting is both a skill (mechanical) and an art form (substantive). In the hands of a masterful wordsmith, your copy is clean, succinct and creates a full impact both seen and felt by your customers or clients.

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